I think it is a topic form
The part of the excerpt that supports the claim that paine believed the human cost of the colonist armed struggle against the british well worth the outcome is : When Paine use empirical evidence to support his claim that Howe's army had decisively defeated the continental army.
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Solution: Active thinking means experiencing and analyzing the external stimuli at the present moment. This analysis involves application of reason- questioning ideas, their validity, linking different ideas, building arguments around them, identify errors and solve problems. These are also the components of critical thinking.