Answer:
<em>James did not like the fact that he had no input in his productivity goal. Because of this, his </em><em><u>Goal acceptance</u></em><em> was low and he did not take it as seriously as if he had set the same goal himself. </em>
Goal acceptance refers to the willingness of an individual to receive or consent internally to a certain goal. It is usually higher when the individual is contributes to the setting of the goal and it is low here as James did not have any input into it.
<em>Carol always tries extremely hard to reach her performance goal. She takes it personally when she falls short, which rarely happens because she is so dedicated to reaching it. Carol's </em><em><u>Goal commitment</u></em><em> is high.</em>
Goal commitment refers to how much dedication and effort a person puts into meeting an objective. Carol puts a lot of effort into achieving her goals so her Goal commitment is high.
<em>After organizational and subsidiary goals are set, each manager meets with each subordinate to explain the unit goals to the subordinate. Together the two determine how the subordinate can contribute to the unit's goals most effectively. This is called </em><u><em>Management by objectives.</em></u>
Management by Objectives is a type of management that works by making sure that employees understand the goals that management set. It works by management and employees working together to find out how best employees can meet the goals set.
Production possibilities curve shifted outward
Answer:
The answer is: Economies of scale
Explanation:
Economies of scale are the diminished cost by companies when production becomes efficient. Companies can achieve economies of scale by increasing production and lowering costs. This happens because fixed costs are spread over a larger number of goods. There are implications in variable costs as well (for example in obtaining discounts by large purchases from suppliers). In general, the larger the scale, the more cost savings.
The cost per unit depends on how much the company produces. Larger companies can produce more by spreading the cost of production over a larger amount of goods. Specialization of labor and more integrated technology boost production volumes. Lower per-unit costs can come from bulk orders from suppliers, larger advertising buys, or lower cost of capital. Spreading internal function (for ex: accounting, information technology, and marketing) costs across more units produced and sold helps to reduce costs.
<u>The sustained increase in demand impacts on producers. Now they produced more units, being able to achieve economies of scale and the benefits previously described. </u>
Answer: Option (D) is correct.
Explanation:
Keynes aggregate supply curve is upward sloping because of law of supply. Law of supply states that there is a positive relationship between the price of a commodity and supply of a commodity. So, if there is an increase in the price of a commodity, then as a result the supply for that commodity also increases and vice-versa.
Keynes Phillips curve is downward sloping because of the trade off between inflation and unemployment. There is an inverse relationship between the inflation and unemployment in an economy. If an economy wants to reduce inflation then they have to accept higher unemployment.
If the opportunity cost for producing a particular good is lower for one producer than the other the former producer has comparative advantage for producing the good.
