In the 17th century Europeans began to establish settlements in the Americas. The division of the land into smaller units under private ownership became known as the plantation system. Starting in Virginia the system spread to the New England colonies. Crops grown on these plantations such as tobacco, rice, sugar cane and cotton were labour intensive. Slaves were in the fields from sunrise to sunset and at harvest time they did an eighteen hour day. Women worked the same hours as the men and pregnant women were expected to continue until their child was born.
European immigrants had gone to America to own their own land and were reluctant to work for others. Convicts were sent over from Britain but there had not been enough to satisfy the tremendous demand for labour. Planters therefore began to purchase slaves. At first these came from the West Indies but by the late 18th century they came directly from Africa and busy slave-markets were established in Philadelphia, Richmond, Charleston and New Orleans.
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Answer:
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The bulk of railroad employees were African Americans, Chinese, and Irish immigrants.
The railroad was the most significant business in which African Americans worked after the Civil War since many Southern companies would rent, buy, or possess slaves. The railroad building project known as the Union Pacific Rail Road, which extended from the Missouri River to the Pacific, mostly used Irish immigrants as laborers. On the other side, the Central Pacific Railroad used Chinese workers, who made up about 80% of the workforce by the year 1868.
More than 40 million immigrants entered the country between 1800 and 1950, demonstrating the wide range of labor available. Chinese and Irish immigrants, as well as certain veterans of the Union and Confederate armies, built the majority of the first railways that were constructed in the US. To name a few of the occupations required during the construction of the railway, blacksmiths, carpenters, engineers, masons, surveyors, truck drivers, telegraphists, and even chefs were required.
Learn more about Chinese and Irish immigrants:
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Answer:
ruled by strict policies, including mandatory English, short hair, and tribal name changes
Explanation:
The following are accurate descriptions of Indian boarding schools:
1. Ruled by strict policies
2. Mandatory English language
3. Short hair
4. Tribal name changes.