Enlightened despotism, also called benevolent despotism, a form of government in the 18th century in which absolute monarchs pursued legal, social, and educational reforms inspired by the Enlightenment. Among the most prominent enlightened despots were Frederick II (the Great), Peter I (the Great), Catherine II (the Great), Maria Theresa, Joseph II, and Leopold II. They typically instituted administrative reform, religious toleration, and economic development but did not propose reforms that would undermine their sovereignty or disrupt the social order.
Patriots who helped <span>spark the American Revolution.</span>
The Sparks expedition <span>included astronomer Thomas Freeman, traveled to present-day Oklahoma and was forced by the Spanish to cease exploration and return to the established American territory.</span>
