Answer:
D. the perceived likelihood that employees' efforts will enable them to attain their performance goals.
Explanation:
Expectancy theory is defined as the statement that the amount of effort an individuals uses will depends on how much of the reward they are expecting to get in return.
The three main components of the expectancy theory of motivations are -- instrumentality, valence and expectancy.
Valence in the expectancy theory is the perception of the employees to work hard or make effort which will enable them to achieve their performance goals.
Hence the correct option is (D).
Answer:
The idea is bounded rationality.
Explanation:
The Bounded Rationality Theory was proposed by Herbert Simon and it states that human cognition is not perfect and is flawed. One's reasoning can have fails which restricts the decision making and eventually coming to an optimal one.
The theory states that a person tends to take irrational decisions since his/her rational thinking is in fact limited by his/her cognitive skills, the available time and the complexity of such problem.
When solving a problem, one can never truly fix it in a completely optimal way since it is impossible to think of all the solutions to the problem.
Slaves, right?!
wouldn't they trade them
Studying economics provides knowledge for making decisions in everyday life. <span />
Companies like Uber and Airbnb uses this kind of economic model. For Uber Taxi, unlike the traditional taxis that are owned by companies, the customers/passengers are serviced by private drivers who owned the cars used. For Airbnb, it allows customers/vacationers to rent a place or a room owned by private individuals compared to hotels or resorts which are owned by companies or corporations.
