In Europe: economic recovery from the war, fear of another war breaking out.
In the US: return to isolationism and a focus on a growing consumer market
In Asia: establishment of their government to taken seriously by other world powers.
The Interwar Years varied dependent upon the country or area of the world. Those on the losing side faced more difficult situations with severe economic depression and devastated national morale.
This is a metaphor to be good to those in power. That means respect your government, teachers, and parents, despite your personal beliefs. I'm guessing a pastor would be most likely to quote this passage.
