Answer:
Adam Smith
17. Laissez-Faire Economics, Wrote the book “ Wealth of Nation”. Believed that self-interest, not government intervention fueled an efficient economy. Father of Capitalism
Baron De Montesquieu
9. Developed the Theory of separation of power; in order to prevent too much power in the hands of one government agency. ( Ex. U.S. Three branches of Government (executive/legislative/judicial) that check each other)
Bill of Rights
7. First 10 amendments of the U.S. Constitution that guarantee basic rights such as freedom of speech and religion, trial by jury, and protection against cruel and unusual
Charles Darwin
20. The originator of the concepts of adaptation and evolution
Copernicus
8. 1543 Heliocentric Theory ( Earth revolves around the Sun) *
Democracy
1. A form of Government in which the Supreme authority rests with the people. The word comes from the Greek Words: Demos = people and Kratos = power. *
Divine Right of Kings
12. The concept that Kings were appointed by God
Enlightenment
14. An 18th-century intellectual movement led by the philosophes: stressed the application of reason and the scientific method to all aspects of life. *
Enlightened Despot
10. Monarchs who embraced new ideas and made reforms that reflected the enlightenment spirit. Ex. Catherine and Frederick the Great *
Federalism
6. System of Government in which the written constitution divides power between a central or national Govt. and several local governments. (State) *
Industrial Revolution
Leonardo De Vinci
Italian painter, engineer, scientist and inventor who exemplified the "Renaissance man".
Magna Carta
5. 1215 “Great Charter” document guaranteed basic political rights in England. Ex. Right to trial by a jury of his or her peers. *
Martin Luther
18. German Monk, who started the Protestant Reformation in the early 1500’s. *
Natural Rights
4. Certain unalienable rights to which all people are entitled: the right to life, liberty, property, freedom of speech and religion, and equality before the law. *
Salon
19. Social gathering of intellectual and artists held in the homes of wealthy women in Paris during the enlightenment. *
Social Contract
11. a term created by Thomas Hobbes to describe the agreement in which the people give up their individual rights in exchange for the law and order provided by the government. *
Sovereignty
3. Supreme and absolute power within its own territory. *
Thomas Edison
Thomas Hobbes
16. Wrote the book Leviathan 1651 – Concerning the Social Contract he believed people were wicked and selfish and needed a powerful government to maintain order and protect their natural rights
Thomas Jefferson
Wrote the Declaration of Independence based on the ideas of John Locke and the Enlightenment.
Voltaire
13. 18th-century French writer and philosopher who defended freedom of religion, speech, and promoted tolerance. The U.S. borrowed his ideas for the 1st Amendment of the Constitution. *
