Lack of government regulation of business practices.
Horizontal integration is the practice of buying smaller businesses creating competition so a company can have a monopoly over the sale of an item. Vertical integration is the practice of buying companies that supply the process of of a manufactured item from raw materials to transportation.
Corporate tycoons of the Gilded Age were able to use these economic practices because there were no laws or regulations to prevent them from doing so. John Rockefeller was an expert at horizontal integration. He bought oil industries out so he could be the sole provider of oil in America. Carnegie was an expert in vertical integration. He bought iron mines, creating steel mills, and bought rail lines to transport his goods. These practices made tycoons wildly wealthy which allowed them to continue buying and investing more to become more wealthy and powerful.
Answer:
The two main categories of Foreign policy enforcement are <u>Hard and Soft policies.</u>
Explanation:
Hard Policies: As the name suggests are the tools a government uses to pressurize another government as part of a particular foreign policy. This can include such things as increasing tariffs on goods, imposing sanctions, or even using forced intervention policies.
An example of a hard policy are the current sanctions against Iran.
Soft Policies: Soft policies are the complete opposite and refer to soft tools a government can use to influence foreign policy and work with other countries. This can come in the form of sending aid, grants, providing easy loans, lowering tariffs and providing incentives.
An example of a Soft policy was the trade deal NAFTA, which gave Canada, Mexico and the US, access to each other's markets.
Wang Mang hoped to gather support from the peasantry be introducing reforms. Wang Mang announced the discovery of books written by Confucius, which were supposedly discovered after Confucius’ house, was destroyed more than two hundred years ago. The discovered work supported the same kind of reform that Wang Mang sought.
Wang Mang defended his policies by quoting from the discovered books. Following what was portrayed as Confucian scripture; he decreed a return to the golden times when every man had his measure of land to till, land that in principle belonged to the state. He declared that a family of less than eight that had more than fifteen acres was obligated to distribute the excess amount of land to those who had none.
