No economic regulations: During the Victorian Age, there were no regulations regarding the economy and therefore employers could pay poorly and work their workers for 12+ hours.
The combination of low pay, long hours, and child labor allowed employers to make big money while not passing it on to the worker. The time was marked by a belief in Social Darwinism, meaning people believed it was natural that some would be wealthy and some would be poor.
Gutenburg's printing press made books cheaper and available to a larger variety of people. Before the printing press, books were very hard to make and they took a long time to produce.
