The key foreign policy issues that America had to face during the 1800´s were: to protect United States ships; and to deal with pirates.
For this question you need only to know what the capital of the Byzantine Empire was: it was Constantinople, this should be the correct answer (I hope it's in options).
Today this city is known as Istanbul, and it's the biggest city in Turkey.
Well, this is a toughfy.. I really want to say C. Mesopotamian Empire. But if that not correct than B. would would be my second choice.
The Catholic church had entered a process in which it was gaining immense power, having influence in many government affairs and institutions. This started when the Roman Empire decided to adopt Catholicism as the official religion.
However, during the 16th century, the Renaissance, which was a philosophical current that focused on human development appeared. This brought many developments, particularly in literature and science. One of the key figures during this period was Nicolaus Copernicus, which published a series of works in which he claimed that the Sun, and not the Earth, was the center of the universe. These ideas were highly disruptive at the time and represented a threat to the Catholic Church, as they thought that the further spread of this way of thinking among the people will eventually lead them to lose power.
