Explain the “Chemiosmotic Model of ATP Production”.
1 answer:
Answer:
The electron transport chain (ETC) is located in the mitochodrial cristae. As electrons move from one protein complex to the other via redox reaction, energy is used to pump hydrogen ions (H+) from the matrix to the intermembrane space of the mitochondria. As hydrogen ions flow down the concentration gradient from the intermembrane space to the mitochodrial matrix, ATP is synthesized by the enzyme ATP synthase.
The ATP synthase complex can be compared to the gates of a dam. when the gates of a hydroelectric dam are opened, water rushes through, and electricity (energy) is produced. Similarly, when H+ ions flow down a gradient from intermembrane space into the matrix, the enzyme ATP synthase synthesizes ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate or P<em>i. </em>This process is called chemiosmosis because ATP production is linked with the establishment of a proton (H+) gradient across the membranes.
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Answer:
<u>C</u>. containing
- <u><em>egg albumen </em></u>
- <u><em>protease </em></u>
- <u><em>dilute hydrochloric acid</em></u>
Explanation:
A protease is a kind of peptidase enzyme that breaks down proteins into peptide molecules. As a digestive enzyme it is located in the lining of the stomach where, relative to the hydrochloric acid in digestive juices, the pH is usually low/ acidic.
<em>Enzymes speed up reaction rates by </em><em>providing alternative pathways</em>. By modifying the enzyme composition, supplying more collision energy, and changing the collisions between and the ratio of reactants, certain variables will increase the reaction rate.
Proteases function well at 37℃, the typical internal temperature of the human body- this temperature provides adequate energy for the reaction. Similarly, proteases require low pH for the correct configuration, and beyond this pH and temperature, they may become denatured or simply not function well as catalysts.
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