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Punctuated equilibrium is a series of small, gradual changes over long periods of time.
The physical features, since they have fur it was obviously cold. Since they had tusks they were constantly hunted.
The red blood cells are cohesive, meaning they want to stick together. if one cell moves along the capillary this cohesion will drag the neighboring cell with it. the cells are also adhesive to the capillary walls, so they stick along the tube lining as they are dragged through the capillary.
Atlantic Cod is a marine fish. The fish has less salt in its internal body while the salt concentration in the sea water in which the Cod lives is high. Thus through the process of osmosis ( a process in which an element moves across a permeable membrane from regions of high concentration to the regions of low concentration) the salt moves from the ocean into the fish body. In such scenario the metabolism of the fish body gets disturbed, and there is an urgent need to remove the excess salt with the help of Kidney (through extremely concentrated urine) by going against the concentration gradient in order to maintain the homeostasis.
Same genus is more closely related. The farther down the list Phylum-Class-Order-Family-Genus-Species you go, the more closely related are the species in that taxon.
