it doesn't matter whether you believe in it or not it still is there
Answer:
Many cellular processes use similar mechanisms to achieve different goals.
Explanation:
<em>Metabolic pathways are series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Enzymes interact to remove and add phosphate groups to molecules or to move protons across a membrane. The same as in cell signalling, where the receptor proteins interact with specific molecules and often remove or ad phosphate groups. The phosphorylation of receptor proteins is very close to the process steps in metabolic pathways but with a very different function. </em>
<em>In metabolism phosphorylation is a method of transferring energy, in cell signalling it transmits information.</em>
The reduced potential causes hundreds of <u>voltage-gated sodium</u> channels to open on that part of the cell membrane. The depolarization of the cell causes more of <u>voltage-gated sodium </u>channels to open in adjacent parts of the cell membrane. This begins the wave of of <u>depolarization</u> moving down the axon. Depolarization begins at the <u>axon hillock.</u>
Explanation:
When there is no neuron signaling it becomes polarized, termed as resting membrane potential (RMP) at a threshold voltage (around -55 mV), due to the action of the sodium-potassium pump and the potassium leak channels.
When a change in the RMP occurs, depolarization takes place which causes the voltage-gated sodium channels to open and sodium ions rush into the nerve cell which in turn will increase the voltage threshold to nearly around +40 mV and also charges the neuron positive. This depolarization moves down the axon. This increase in threshold stops the sodium influx and opens the potassium channels to rush the potassium out of the cell.
All these actions decrease the membrane potential leading to a wave of depolarization and going back to resting state. Depolarization begins depending upon the potential gradient at the axon hillock.
Tiktaalik is a transitional fossil which shows how fish evolved into amphibians and reptiles. So the correct option is B.
What is Tiktaalik?
Tiktaalik is a direct ancestor of tetrapods or four-legged animals. It is an extinct fish-like animal and it lived on earth 380-385 million years ago (Devonian period).
The word Tiktaalik is derived from the <em>Inuktitut</em> language which loosely translates to large freshwater fish. This animal had characteristics of both fish and tetrapod and is therefore called the link between these two kinds of animals.
The characters resembling fish are gills and scales and the characters resembling tetrapods are rib bones, movable neck and lungs. There are characters that are a mix of both tetrapods and fish. These are bones and joints in limbs but fish-like fins instead of feet or hands.
Read more about Tiktaalik, here
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