The answer is (A) economic protectionism and regulation.
The answer is: Francisco Pizarro. (1471-1541, sailed for the New World in 1509)
Francisco Pizarro was a Spanish conquistador from Central Spain, who was a cousin of the other famous conquistador, Hernan Cortes, who conquered the Aztec Empire.
It was France who controlled the land
Essentially it said that affirmative action does not violate the Constitution and that racial quotas are necessary to prevent discrimination.