Spain and France both were allies of the colonists
The correct answer is: D) nullification.
Jefferson's Kentucky Resolution (drafted in 1798) introduces the theory of nullification. This means that states, individually, can judge a central government law and declare it unconstitutional if they desire to do so.
This period was known as the baby boom, and this generation is still referred to as the "baby boomers," this being because there was a huge increase in the birth rate as people returned home from the war.