Surrealist authors and artists were mainly influenced by psychological theory about: C. Sigmund Freud's; the unconscious mind.
<h3>What influenced surrealist authors?</h3>
Surrealist authors were mainly influenced by the theories propounded by Sigmund Freud. This propelled and shaped their beliefs in theories that pertain to dreams, and the conscious. Their views of psychology were also shaped by these beliefs.
Sigmund Freud was an ardent believer in the unconscious mind. Surrealists presented their perspectives through the images that they created through works of art. So, they were motivated by the work of Sigmund Freud who believed so much in the unconscious.
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We can actually deduce here that the elements of Gothic Fiction that the passage from the Irving's "The Devil and Tom Walker" contain is: C. Element 4-Omens, foreshadowing, and
dreams.
<h3>What is Gothic Fiction?</h3>
Gothic Fiction actually refers to the fiction that makes use of dark scenery which portrays terror, horror and fear. It makes use of strange places and it is usually filled with suspense.
We can actually deduce here that in Paragraph 33 of Irving's "The Devil and Tom Walker", the element of gothic fiction is seen in element 4.
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Answer:
Spartan
Definition:
showing the indifference to comfort or luxury traditionally associated with ancient Sparta.
