Answer:
The elements that comprise a rhetorical situation are the following: the sender, the receiver, the message, the purpose, and the exigence. Therefore, the purpose is part of the rhetorical situation, which focus on what the sender wants to achieve by delivering the message to the receiver.
Could you provide the sentance that the question is talking about? You could youse dictionary.com to look it up and see if any of the definitions it gives you corresponds to the way the word is used
Dr. Manette uses shoemaking to calm his troubled mind after learning Darnay's true identity
One of the ways that a passive reader can become an active reader is by "eliminating distractions" since the reader is often able to take in far more information this way. Of course reading more helps as well.