What do you think? Do you have any ideas? I personally believe it is due to social status, advertising things you can't be, and having ideal ways of living. Also, America is very diverse and there is not really a sense of belonging or being of use here as there is in other countries. People are outcasted by groups as well. This is my personal opinion but you should try and come up with something of your own based on these points. :)
Not necessarily, it all depends on the schools that require it
Surface culture is a tangible norm that is used to define the culture for example food, clothing, art.
Deep culture is ones thoughts, feelings, or personal opinion on that culture.
You could probably use the public education system for both of those definitions. Hope this helps!