After the War of 1812 the policy that was advocated by James Madison for making American manufactured products cheaper and more competitive in both domestic and foreign markets was a protective tariff. The correct option among all the options that are given in the question is the second option. I hope it helps you.
A) The federal government lost power over the states through the policy of new federalism.
The concept of New Federal was to transfer powers from the US federal government back to the state. The states were allowed to take a more active role in their own affairs. New federalism involves the federal government providing a block grant to the State to resolve social issues but in return, <span>the federal government would monitor outcome as well as provide broad discretion to the states for how the programs were implemented. </span>
If you are asking about the first president of the United States, the answer is George Washington.
A ik its going to be A cause i just took the test