Francisco Franco was a general and the leader of the Nationalist forces that overthrew the Spanish democratic republic in the Spanish Civil War (1936–39); thereafter he was the head of the government of Spain until 1973 and the head of state until his death in 1975.
There were many such things, for example, systematic racism. African-Americans were still living in poverty or didn't have civil rights and segregation was strong. They could only join white communities if they were musicians or things like that where they would have to play for white guests of parlors. It wasn't until the 60s that the African-American people were given their civil rights.
The civil war didint brake out in 1642