It would be an "archaeologist" who is most likely to determine where an ancient temple was built, since a big part of this profession is digging in order to discover artifacts.
Because of how hot the weather would be and standing at farm and feeding animals is such big deal. To move to city probably for higher pay check or money.
Hope this helps! :)
Your answer should be ‘the rapid settlement of the American West’, since according to senate.gov, it reads ‘ | The rapid settlement of the western territories | in the 1850s convinced most members of Congress of the need for efficient rail transport to the Pacific coast,’.