In The United States, intelligence is defined as an all-purpose ability to do well on cognitive tasks, to solve problems, and to learn from experience.
The answer to this question is option b. In simple terms the meaning of intelligence is the ability of a person to acquire knowledge and also their ability to apply the knowledge that they have acquired.
It is defined based on the ability to have creative thinking, reasoning, emotional knowledge, critical thinking skills and the ability to solve problems.
It is a person's ability to manipulate her environment using the knowledge that she has gained from the environment.
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<span>An example can be “Kate is shocked to
hear that her best friend Mary, apparently a very honest individual, cheated on
a physics question".</span>
The term cognitive
dissonance in the study of psychology is used for the psychological disturbance
experienced by an individual who at the same time have two or more ideas,
concepts or values which are contradictory to each other.
The following statement is not true - anthropologists can only study, they cannot apply their understanding of humanity to practical situations or to helping societies.
There is a sub field of anthropology called applied anthropology that is dedicated to applying what is learnt through research of cultures, societies and human behavior to help societies and communities, to further educate people about humanity, for practical situations and solutions to possible problems. Anthropologists can study and put into practice what they learn and discover.
During the February Revolution, Czar Nicholas II, ruler of Russia
since 1894, is forced to abdicate the throne by the Petrograd
insurgents, and a provincial government is installed in his place.
Crowned
on May 26, 1894, Nicholas was neither trained nor inclined to rule,
which did not help the autocracy he sought to preserve in an era
desperate for change. The disastrous outcome of the Russo-Japanese War
led to the Russian Revolution
of 1905, which the czar diffused only after signing a manifesto
promising representative government and basic civil liberties in Russia.
However, Nicholas soon retracted most of these concessions, and the
Bolsheviks and other revolutionary groups won wide support. In 1914,
Nicholas led his country into another costly war, and discontent in
Russia grew as food became scarce, soldiers became war-weary, and
devastating defeats on the eastern front demonstrated the czar’s
ineffectual leadership.
In March 1917, the army garrison at
Petrograd joined striking workers in demanding socialist reforms, and
Czar Nicholas II was forced to abdicate. Nicholas and his family were
first held at the Czarskoye Selo palace, then in the Yekaterinburg
palace near Tobolsk. In July 1918, the advance of counterrevolutionary
forces caused the Yekaterinburg Soviet forces to fear that Nicholas
might be rescued. After a secret meeting, a death sentence was passed on
the imperial family, and Nicholas, his wife, his children, and several
of their servants were gunned down on the night of July 16.
