Answer:
b. consumer spending
Explanation:
GDP = C+I+G+(X-M)
The most powerful driver of an economy is consumption (C). In the US the biggest share in the GDP participation is the consumers expenditure of goods and services within the economy.
Answer:
Research and development
Explanation:
Fixed cost is cost that does not vary with output. It is cost that is incurred regardless of the units of output produced
Discretionary fixed cost is cost that is incurred at the discretion of the management of a company.
A company can decide to undertake research and development or not to. So, it is an example of discretionary fixed cost
In early America, a traditional market structure existed when people bartered goods they produced for goods they needed.
Explanation:
Bartering is the mechanism between two entities without the use of cash in the exchange of trading products or services. When people trade, they are all benefited by receiving goods or services that they need or want.
Bartering does have a benefit as there is something that even people with no money could get for them. Bartering may include exchanging an object for a service.
For eg, in return for a tin of apples from either a tree in their yards you might agree to work for somebody. If you choose to trade for a need, you can save cash for other requirements.
Answer:
de-industrialization
Explanation:
Deindustrialization refers to the phase of social and economic event caused by the elimination or decrease of industrial base or operation in a region or country, in particular of manufacturing industries or mining. It's the reverse of being industrialised.
It is the opposite of industrialization. Deindustrialization usually happens as it is no longer profitable for a specific industrial activity. It's a phase in which industrial development is eliminated or decreased in a country or area due to a major social or economic transition.
Answer: Option (A) is correct.
Explanation:
Correct Option: Normal profits because economic profits will attract new firms and there are no entry restrictions.
In a monopolistically competitive market, firms will earn an economic profit in the short run, so new firms attracted with these profits and decided to enter into the market in the long run.
There is no barriers on entry and exit of the firms in the monopolistically competitive market. When new firms enters into the market, as a result supply of differentiated products increases.
This causes the firm's market demand curve to shift leftwards. It will continue shifting to the left in the firm market demand curve till the point where it is nearly tangent to the average total cost curve.
At this point, firms earns zero normal profit and can earn normal profits in the long run same as a perfectly competitive firm.
