Well, there were two important turning points of the war.
The first one is the Battle of Gettysburg. Basically, Robert E. Lee and the Confederate Army marched into Pennsylvania to capture a town in order to cut off Washington D.C from the rest of the Union, which could force a decisive surrender of the Union. However, Union forces met with Confederate forces, resulting in a bloody battle that ended with the most notable conflict of the battle of General Pickett's Charge, which was the final conflict that resulted in the defeat of the Confederates. This was decisive because General Lee did not attempt to strategically end the war after this battle. Which further meant that Lee would have to fight an already pro longed war when the South did not have the resources or the industrial capacity or the able bodied men to serve as soldiers as the North did.
The second turning point I would say would be the appointment of General Ulysses S. Grant of the Union forces by Lincoln, due to that he was a brilliant general and already known war hero, and for the fact that of his only acceptance of enemy surrender conditions as "unconditional", hence his nickname "Unconditional Surrender Grant".
The efforts of little turtle in the early 1790s represented an attempt by Indians to resist white expansion by military force.
Little Turtle was a Sagamore (head) of the people of Miami, who evolved into one of the most famous Native American military commanders. Historian Wiley Sword names him "perhaps the most capable Indian leader then in the Northwest Territory," although he subsequently signed several treaties surrendering land, which caused him to lose his chief status during the wars which became a opening to the War of 1812.
In the 1790s, Light Turtle led a coalition of native warriors to several major victories against U.S. forces, sometimes called "Little Turtle's War".
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IT was the center of learning and knowledge, with Greek texts being discovered and imported by Arab scholars. Further, people like the Medici, who sponsored many artists during the Renaissance, were very wealthy, and able to pay people for works of art that they wanted commissioned.
George Washingron took the oath of office in Federal Hall.