Answer:
1. nutrient recycler
2. mutualist
4. parasite
Option C
Explanation:
Nutrient recycler: The bacterial decompose the dead plant and release the organic elements back to soil or air. The organic matter present in the dead plant parts is decomposed and the carbon is released into the air. Similarly, other nutrients stored in the dead plant are decomposed by the bacteria and are released into the environment so that they can enter the nutrient cycles.
Mutualist: The bacteria living on the surface of leaf obtains nutrition from it. The plant is benefited by this association since the bacteria prevents the invasion of other pathogens in the plant. An ecological interaction wherein both the species are benefited is called mutualism.
Parasite: Once the bacteria enter the leaf, it causes disease to the plant. Here, the plant is the host while the bacteria is a parasite. The plant is harmed while bacterial obtains nutrition from the plant.
Answer and Explanation:
Cytokines is the molecule which has the ability to communicate with the immune system cells to target on antigen by generating a response. It is mostly comprised of protein in a group along with peptides.
They are involved in the cancer treatment by production of the signalling molecules that gets involved in the method of stimulating and mobilize the immune system and thus cytokines come into the action for preventing the cancer by providing anti-inflammatory action,anti-cancer cell etc.
<u>Example</u>- In case of ovarian cancer,there is the majority of the immuno-suppressive action and thus there is production of the anti-inflammatory cytokines and thus maintain the immune system.
I think it might be B but I am not sure
Biodiversity loss from species extinctions may rival pollution and climate change impacts. Species extinction and loss of biodiversity could be as devastating for the earth as climate change and air pollution. That's the finding of a new study by a group of scientists from nine countries.
Batesian mimicry is when an organism uses colors or symbols that other organisms regard as dangerous. These organisms use their scary appearance to appear as more of a threat than they really are, such as the viceroy butterfly, which looks like a poisonous monarch but is actually harmless.
