Recall the double angle identity for cosine:

It follows that

Since 0° < 22° < 90°, we know that sin(22°) must be positive, so csc(22°) is also positive. Let x = 22°; then the closest answer would be C,

but the problem is that none of these claims are true; cot(32°) ≠ 4/3, cos(44°) ≠ 5/13, and csc(22°) ≠ √13/2...
Answer:
Follows are the solution to the given point:
Step-by-step explanation:
In point a:
¬∃y∃xP (x, y)
∀x∀y(>P(x,y))
In point b:
¬∀x∃yP (x, y)
∃x∀y ¬P(x,y)
In point c:
¬∃y(Q(y) ∧ ∀x¬R(x, y))
∀y(> Q(y) V ∀ ¬ (¬R(x,y)))
∀y(¬Q(Y)) V ∃xR(x,y) )
In point d:
¬∃y(∃xR(x, y) ∨ ∀xS(x, y))
∀y(∀x>R(x,y))
∃x>s(x,y))
In point e:
¬∃y(∀x∃zT (x, y, z) ∨ ∃x∀zU (x, y, z))
∀y(∃x ∀z)>T(x,y,z)
∀x ∃z> V (x,y,z))
The weight of a plane with 81 gallons of fuel in the tank is about 44 tons