It would be an "absolute monarchy" that gives all power to one individual for life, since this person usually gains power either through hereditary succession of through violence.
Answer:
I'm not sure, but I think it's family
The main reason why external criticism is so important when it comes to analyzing data is because as the handler of the data yourself, you can quickly develop a bias and "expect" a certain outcome, which might affect your analysis.
Answer: Its a metaphor for it being one of the largest and most violent wars
Explanation: