An immunoglobulin molecule of any class with regions symbolized as C or V, H or L, has a light chain made up of one C region and one V region.
The glycoproteins known as immunoglobulins (Ig), often known as antibodies, are created by plasma cells. A number of immunogens, including bacterial proteins, promote B cells' conversion to plasma cells. These cells, which make proteins, are involved in humoral immune reactions to bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, cellular antigens, chemicals, and synthetic compounds. Using a B-cell receptor, the immunogen or antigen adheres to the B cells' cell surface (BCR).
As a result, a signal is generated that directs the activation of transcription factors, leading to the manufacture of highly specific antibodies for the immunogen that initially activated the B cell. Furthermore, one B cell clone produces immunoglobulin (specificity). Two light chains and two heavy chains that alternate in a light-heavy-heavy-light pattern make up antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins. Therefore, choice A is the right response.
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Answer:
•The hydrolysis of ATP to drive a thermodynamically unfavorable reaction.this process is ATP coupling
Explanation:
For example, the conversation of glucose to glucose -6-phosphate.
Three important characteristics such as a notochord, a dorsal hollow nerve cord, and pharyngeal gill slits, should appear at any stage of their life cycle. These are the characteristics of the chordates. Members of echinoderms share resemblance with chordates in presence of a notochord.
The right answer is B.
Cholera vaccination is only recommended for staff who have to intervene with patients in an epidemic situation. In all other cases, effective prevention is provided by good personal hygiene (washing hands) and food.
It is also important to know that this vaccine does not protect permanently: It protects only about 90% within 6 months, then to 50% within 3 years.
