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3 years ago

How does the alternative complement pathway kill the invading microbial cell?

Biology

1 answer:

Gnesinka [82]3 years ago

6 0

Answer:

The alternative complement pathway kill the invading microbial cell by enhancing the phagocytosis of microbes by host cells.

Option: (C)

Explanation:

The complement pathway is an immune system which destroys the microbes with protein complex and phagocytes.

It has tree types namely 'classical, alternative and lectin pathway'.

In alternative complement pathway complex $\mathrm{C}_{3}$ protein complex kills the microbes in two ways,

It attaches to the cell wall of the bacteria and kills by lysis
Stimulates the formation of "Membrane Attack Complex(MAC)" which causes lysis of the bacteria.

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How does self-pollination bring more variations in plant?

Nezavi [6.7K]

Answer:

I don't know sorry

but you can search it on Google maybe it will help

6 0

4 years ago

What happens to the rate of photosynthesis when carbon dioxide is increased?

pychu [463]

We get weaker because put yourseld undersoemthing but not too long bc youll pass out but youll notice youll get weaker. so theres your answer buddy.

5 0

3 years ago

4. A male green parakeet breeds with a female blue parakeet: All the offspring are green. What trait is

Harman [31]

Answer:

4. Green

5. 1 Green : 1 Blue parakeet

6. 100% green offsprings

7. Violet color

8. 0%

9. 1 Yellow : 1 white sulfur butterflies

Explanation:

4. A dominant trait is that which masks the phenotypic expression of its contrasting trait in a gene. Hence, the cross between a green and blue parakeet produced offsprings that were all green because the green trait is dominant i.e. mask the expression of the blue trait.

5. An heterozygous green parakeet will have genotype:Gg while a homozgous blue parakeet will have genotype: gg. A cross between Gg and gg will produce offsprings with genotypes: Gg and gg in the proportion 2:2. This means the phenotypic ratio of Gg (green) and gg (blue) is 1:1.

6. A homozygous dominant parakeet means genotype, GG while a heterozygous green parakeet means genotype, Gg. GG and Gg, if crossed will produce offsprings with genotypes: GG, GG, Gg and Gg. Since the allele for green color (G) is dominant over the allele for blue color (g), all the offsprings i.e 100% will be green colored.

7. A purebred flower means a flower that produces only one type of color and is homozygous. Hence, let's say a purebred red flower will have genotype RR while a purebred violet flower will have genotype VV. Hence, these two purebreds will be crossed to produce offsprings that all possess genotype, VR. According to the question, they are all violet. This means that the allele for Violet color is masking the phenotypic expression of the red color. Hence, the Violet color is a dominant trait.

8. A homozygous Violet and red flower will have the genotypes: VV and RR respectively. A cross between them will produce an offspring with genotype, VR. Since the Violet allele is dominant, it will be phenotypically expressed over the red allele. Hence, none of the offsprings i.e. 0% will be red-colored.

9. A heterozygous sulfur butterfly will be Yy while a homozygous recessive sulfur butterfly will be yy. Where Y is yellow allele and y is white allele. If Yy and yy are crossed, offsprings with genotypes Yy and yy will be produced in the ratio 1:1. This means that the phenotypic ratio of the cross between a heterozygous sulfur butterfly (Yy) and a homozygous recessive sulfur butterfly (yy) is 1 Yellow sulfur butterfly: 1 white sulfur butterfly.

3 0

3 years ago

Suppose you remove your test cultures from the incubator and notice that one of them—a known fermenter—has a gas bubble in the D

olasank [31]

Answer:

When the test culture was removed from the incubator and there was gas bubble in it.The gas bubble produced from the test tube is nitrogen. But if the addition of the zinc and other reagent in the culture and there is no response.

It suggest that the nitrates is being used by the bacteria. The bacteria inside can be aerobic and facultative anaerobic.

They can be gram negative microorganism and yes the occurrence states that the test was successful if the test was about facultative anaerobic and aerobic.

4 0

3 years ago

Which is the best example of an in-group-out-group gender schema? a. If you are a girl, you will grow up to be a woman. b. Boys

Stells [14]

The best example of an in-group-out-group gender schema boys can fight, but girls should play nice.

<h3>Explanation: </h3>

Gender Schema is the gender related belief which influences the behavior. It was defined by the treatment of male and female in one’s own society. They children learn gender schemas through the media, parents and society. The traditional society did not accept the profession of Women as fire fighter because according to Gender schema, this profession is only defined to the men in the society.

In group: The group with which the person is identified.

Out group: The group with which the person is not identified.

If the child is identified within the in-group, it positively accepts the points from its own group but neglects the information from out-group. This impacts of gender schemas have huge impact on what the children remember and learn from the society. The boys fighting capability is defined within the in-group and girls nice play will be in the out-group.

3 0

3 years ago