The pyramids were constructed by what we would term today, precision engineering.
After the initial three layers were laid, the cut limestone blocks would be brought from nearby quarries or the Muqattam hills across the Nile. The blocks would then be hauled into place via ramps that were constructed out of shale and sand .
To make moving the solid blocks of limestone easier a purpose built wooden sled was used and water and mud placed under the to hell reduce friction.One block could easily be drawn by a team of 3prs of oxen. At times sheer manpower was used.
The ramps surrounded the entire pyramid and rose at an ever inclining angle. When the the required height was achieved, short steeper ramp was erected to put the pryramidion in its place.
After this, the casing of each block and each layer was detail finished and polished. Working from the top of the pyramid downwards.
As each layer was finished to satisfaction, that part of the ramp structure would be removed and hauled away.
This continued until the whole pyramid stood finished and the final stage of the ramp was dismantled.
It is estimated that only around 3,000 men would be required to build one of the Giza pyramids.
The laborers mainly came from nomes or city states within Egypt and were free farmers.Each nome supplied a required amount of the labor force.
It was considered a worthy thing to be a part of building the eternal resting place for the Pharaoh.
Only a very small proportion of slaves were used and most of those were prisoners of war.
Other than laborer there were many craftsmen,official,scribes and others, as well as the initial architect and his team of advisers.
Most of the pyramids that are still standing were built in the 4th and 5th Dynasty of the Old Kingdom.
By the Middle Kingdom more emphasis was placed on the surrounding complex which enclosed a much smaller representation of the pyramid.
This represents the Ben Ben or primordial mound that rose from the sea and all life sprang from.
According to ancient Egyptian mythology.
Have a look at the B.B.C. ancient history website.
You can read about pyramid building in detail and even take a test to see if you know enough to be able to build one. yourself.
