<span>According to Robert Kraske, two ways the profits of the salt trade affected the city of Timbuktu was that it increased GDP and increased trade revenue. </span>
Answer:
July 4, 1863, is often considered the turning point of the Civil War. Two important battles resulted in defeats for the Confederacy.
The railroad boosted the economic status of the USA the transportation of raw materials and manufactured good to and from industries became faster and easier after the completion of the railroad
Byzantium/Constantinople was conquered in 1451, but the empire continued to decline starting around the 18th or 19th centuries. It officially died in WWI. As for how long it was a major threat to Europe, the empire's prime was the 16th century, under Suleiman the Magnificent.