Answer:
Explanation:
The resolving power of the microscope is dependent upon the objective lens. It can be measured by the ability of the lens to differentiate between the two lines or points on the specimen under observation. The more the resolving power the smaller will be the distance between the two lines or points that can be distinguished.
The following are the two ways that can be used to enhance the resolving power on the microscope:
Using a lens that has a higher aperture.
Decreasing the amount of light being entered into the microscope that means using light of less wavelength.
• Homologous structures: Both Ostriches have wings similar in form to those of their ancestors, but that do not allow the birds to fly.
Homologous structures are those that have structural similarities but are different in function. For example, if we look at the anatomical structure of a bird’s wing, it is very similar in structure with a human arm. However, over the course of time they have evolved to perform different functions.
• Vestigial structures: The inner ear bones of mammals have evolved from bones that form the jaws of reptiles.
Vestigiality refers to the process in which some structure lose their function over the course of evolution in some specie but they are functionally normal in other species. Such a structure is the inner ear bones of mammals which donot perform an important function in mammals but do perform in reptiles.
• DNA sequence data: Both Genes involved in RNA replication are conserved among bacteria and animals, suggesting a common evolutionary origin.
The sequencing of genetic data is an excellent method of finding the evolutionary histories and relatedness of different organisms. This field of sciences is called phylogenetics and the mentioned example is the result of phylogenetics.
• Analogous structures: The jointed legs of insects and vertebrates arose independently, indicating a different evolutionary origin.
Analogous structures are those that have similar function but they look very different in structure or anatomy. This is because they have been evolved from different ancestors and perform different functions. One example of these structures is mentioned, The jointed legs of insects and vertebrates that look different bur perform same function.
The process of protein synthesis involves two steps such as transcription and translation. In the process of transcription the encoded information in the DNA is transcripts or encoded into messenger RNA or mRNA inside the nucleus. This mRNA then comes out of the nucleus to the cytoplasm. In the process of translation the mRNA molecule attach with the ribosomes and tRNA molecules to synthesise the protein.
