B. F. Skinner was a psychologist, author, behaviorist and inventor of Operant conditioning chamber and Cumulative recorder. The purpose of cumulative recorder was to study the rate of operant conditioning. It is a process in which behavior of an organism is modified or an organism is conditioned to perform a specific behavior through giving punishment or reward.
For example: We teach a kid that he should not touch a hot stove because it will burn his hands, or we give him a box of candies to perform a specific task or behave in a certain way. Skinner used Cumulative recorder to find the effect of certain factors on behavior or response of an organism For example: the rate at which lever was pressed by a monkey to get bananas etc.
The correct answer is option B, that is, operant chamber.
Explanation:
B. F Skinner one of the American psychologists, that is, a behaviorist gave the theory of operant conditioning. According to which a behavior is predicted by its outcomes, that is, whether it is punishment or reinforcements that make it less or more probably for the behavior to take place.
Skinner invented the operant chamber in order to train subjects through operant conditioning. The operant chamber functions in an appropriate manner to view and record the rate of responses like a lever press or a key peck.
uniformitarianism, Fossil groups, 48 million years ago.
Explanation:
Uniformitarianism is the doctrine of uniformity that assumes that same environmental laws and process operate till date that has also occurred on the past but not with the same uniformity. Unlike the atmospheric that is short-lived and sudden changes over the period of time.
William Smith was a geologist who has noticed a certain type of fossil in a certain layer of sedimentary and igneous rock. A similar layer of strata could be found in the areas that were further apart.
The Permian period was from 229 to 251 million years and was the last period of the paleozoic era and is recorded for the last major extinction in the history of life in earth and it lasted for 48 million years.
