In Simon Bolivar's Message to the Congress of Angostura, he states that Latin American people deserve their independence.
Answer:

Explanation:
thickness of aerosol layer is 2.5 km
zenith angle is 40 degree
we know that

where

is extinction coefficient
extiction cross section
N = Concentration





transimiitance 


Geographers use a lot of tools like the compass and the measuring tape. You have to list the tools for me to choose which one is not used by the geographers.
Tsunamis are created when a maginutde of 5.3 or higher earthqauke occurs by a large body of water, the shaking of the ground causes the water to move or the vibration, therfore causing a tsunami . Also California would have a tsunami after a earthqauke if it was big enougth , and if it was close enough to the shore.
The answer is Multinationalism