1.
where in a population:
p - the frequency of the <em>A</em> allele
q - the frequency of the <em>a</em> allele
- the frequency of the <em>AA</em> homozygous genotype
- the frequency of the <em>aa</em> homozygous genotype
2pq - the frequency of the <em>Aa</em> heterozygous genotype
A population at equilibrium will have the sum of all the alleles at the locus equal to 1.
2. Conditions:
A. The breeding population must be large
B. No natural selection
C. The mating must occur randomly
D. No mutations to cause changes in allelic frequency.
E. No changes in allelic frequency due to immigration or emigration.
3. By comparing the actual genetic structure of a population with what we would expect from a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, we can determine how much it deviates from the baseline provided by the mathematical model. Depending on how large the deviation is, one or more of the model's assumptions are being violated. Thus, we can attempt to determine which one.
Explanation:
Both Darwin and Mendel proposed their theory at the same time but they never communicated with each other. They both explained the population and studied the variation between them and in them.
The variation within a population could be of two types: the discontinuous traits and the quantitative trait.
A discrete trait refers to a trait that is usually controlled by only one gene that is only two alleles or two variants are observed in the population whereas the quantitative trait is a trait that can be determined by more than one gene like the variation in height.