Answer:
The two alternatives for specifying structural constraints on relationship types are:
• Cardinality ratio and
• Participation constraint
Cardinality ratio
Cardinality ratio is a simple way of specifying designs, it is specifies the maximum number of relationship a body/ entity can be engaged in.
Advantage of Cardinality ratio
It is used to simply complex designs
Disadvantage of Cardinality ratio
No specific number can be said to be maximum
Participation constraint
Participation constraint specifies the dependency of an entity on another entity based on the relationships existing between the entities.
Advantage of Participation constraint
It specifies the maximum number of relationship an entity can engage
It shows the dependency of an entity on another
Disadvantage of Participation constraint
It is a more expensive alternative
Explanation:
So we can conclude that the two alternatives for specifying structural constraints on relationship types are:
Cardinality ratio and Participation constraint
I hope this helps
