Answer:
Burning fossil fuels, changing land use, and using limestone to make concrete all transfer significant quantities of carbon into the atmosphere.
Answer:
1. genotypically
2. phenotypically
Explanation:
The genotype of an individual represents the total number and types of genes and the alleles of each gene present in the nuclei of its cells. In humans, the presence of two copies of X chromosomes makes an individual female. However, some individuals have two copies of X chromosomes but have masculine features. Similarly, some individuals have one X and one Y chromosomes in their cells. These individuals are genotypically males. But they have some feminine features. This makes them phenotypically female. Phenotype is the morphological expression of genotype.
Answer:
Hydrogen and electrons
Explanation:
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) serve as reducing power during energy transfers. One NAD+ accepts one hydrogen ions and two electrons and becomes reduced into NADH. Likewise, FAD accepts two hydrogen ions and two electrons and is reduced into FADH2. Oxidation of NADH and FADH2 into NAD+ and FAD respectively releases both hydrogen ions and electrons.
For example, some of the energy of glucose released during glycolysis and Kreb's cycle is temporarily stored in the form of NADH and FADH2. Oxidation of NADH and FADH2 via electron transfer chain of mitochondria releases both electrons and hydrogen ions (protons). The protons are pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane to generate the proton concentration gradient.
An isotonic solution is when the solute concentration is balanced with the concentration inside the cell , the water movement still moves between the solution, but the rates are the same in both directions, the water is balanced inside and outside the cell .
A hypotonic solution is when the solute concentration is lower than the concentration inside the cell. water moves into the cell and can cause the cell to swell; cells that don’t have a cell wall, such as animal cells, could explode in this type of solution.
A hypertonic solution is when the solute concentration is higher than the concentration inside the cell. In a hypertonic solution, the water moves out of the cell and causes the cell to shrivel.
