Light-independent reactions are the second stage of photosynthesis. They make sugars. Light-independent takes place in the stroma and doesn't require light. They need carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere to build the sugars. These sugars are used to build starches and cellulose in a cycle of chemical reactions.
DNA acts as a sort of set of instructions for building an organism.
In that way, different types of organisms--plants, animals, bacteria, etc.--can all be differentiated through their DNA because it is directly linked to how they function.
That's a component of a phospholipid, which is a lipid.
In this case, c) mimicry is the answer. In Batesian mimicry in which harmless animals mimic toxic animals. In this case, I assume the milk snake is harmless and the coral snake is venomous. Since the milk snake has a trait similar to deadly coral snake, less animals would eat it thinking it is dangerous. Over time all the milk snake that look like the deadly coral snake would survive leading to evolution by natural selection. This would lead to more and more milk snake mimicking the resemblance of the deadly coral snake.
a) The deadly coral snake has a warning color adaptive radiation. If the question had described the environment and how the snaked adapted to the environment via warning coloration. This would've been correct.
b) cryptic coloration is more about camouflage with the environment. If the question had state how a certain feature help one of the animals blend into the background. This would've been correct.
d) I'm not sure whats different between this and a so i'll consider them both the same.