Property rights. The rapid growth of cities has led to government transfers of rural land to urban and industrial uses. Inadequate compensation to farmers whose property rights have been poorly defined has fueled growing civil unrest, while urban leaseholders seek to strengthen their new property rights.
Property tax implementation. Recent tax reform has reduced local government revenues and prompted local officials to rely on land sales receipts, fees, and off-budget revenues to finance government expenditures. China’s government is seeking to implement a property tax as a local revenue source to take advantage of the rapid growth of the real estate market.
Farmland preservation. The large amount of land removed from agricultural production by the complex forces of urbanization has exacerbated concerns about farmland preservation, especially related to food security.
Urban planning and development. Rapid urbanization has also resulted in increased urban poverty, housing affordability problems, inequality between urban and rural population groups, regional disparities, and other social and economic challenges. China’s urban planning practices are in need of reform to better reflect market forces and economic behavior.
Environmental sustainability. China’s economic and demographic changes over the past 30 years have been associated with severe environmental degradation. With rapid urbanization forecast over the next decade, there is growing consensus that China must find a more sustainable development model. More sustainable cities are integral to any low-carbon development trajectory.
I say it’s false that’s my answer
It is false that the total fertility rate is a measure of the number of children that would be born if all women lived to the life expectancy age for the given country in which they live.
<h3>What is total fertility rate?</h3>
- The number of children that would be born to each woman collectively if she were to survive to the end of her childbearing years and have children in accordance with the current age-specific fertility rates is the total fertility rate for a given year.
- Children per woman is how it is stated. The sum of age-specific fertility rates, which typically apply to women between the ages of 15 and 49, is used to directly calculate the total fertility rate, or five times the sum if the data are provided in five-year age groupings.
- We can predict how a population might increase, decrease, or stable over time by using the TFR, mortality, and migration projections.
- The total fertility rate can be used to forecast future age distributions within a population as well as other demographic changes.
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