First, a principality was a small kingdom or state where a prince or a king would rule over a certain territory while protecting its population. Therefore principalities were widespread during the Feudal Era because there were multiple kingdoms and each one would have its own ruler, Also, bigger principalities would decide to absorb small ones or to fight against each other and this is how big kingdoms and empires formed at this time. Second, principalities in northern Asia, in the 1200s were small territories that were run by Russian rulers (option D) Russian rulers decided to conquer the small northern principalities.
