elastic supply (PES or Es) is a measure used in economics to show the responsiveness, or elasticity, of the quantity supplied of a good or service to a change in its price.
So the answer would be elastic supply. lawn care service would be elastic. If the price went up too much people would stop using it.
The United States wanted to build the Panama Canal in order to save time and money on trading. Before the Panama Canal, people had to sail all the way around Africa in order to get to the other side of the world, which costed much more money and took a lot longer. The US owns the canal because of the Hay-Bunau-Varilla treaty, which gave the rights to the USA to build and manage it.
I don't understand what you mean by the term "middle kingdom." In the Tang Dynasty of China, they considered themselves to be the Middle Kingdom because they saw themselves as the center of the earth, if that helps.