the system of theology and philosophy taught in medieval European universities, based on Aristotelian logic and the writings of the early Church Fathers and having a strong emphasis on tradition and dogma
scholasticism
To explain the "no west" comment, in 1812 the American "west" only reached as far as the Mississippi River.
The northern states were heavily involved in international trade, having the ports and ship building yards. The men who sailed on those ships were likewise mostly from the north and were the ones being impressed into the British navy. The agrarian south's interests lay entirely in the production of tobacco, cotton, sugar, sorghum and a few other large cash crops. The commerce was mostly within America and they had little interest in shipping issues.
He escaped on February 13th, 1838 to Philadelphia
C is the best answer but all are right