Answer:
On May 25, 1787, delegates representing every state except Rhode Island convened at Philadelphia's Pennsylvania State House for the Constitutional Convention. ... During three months of debate, the delegates devised a brilliant federal system characterized by an intricate system of checks and balances.
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this is stipulated in Article II, Section 3 of the U.S. Constitution, requiring the President to periodically "give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient."
Spain, like most other countries, wen they could not overcome social and economic problems during the Great Depression, enacted harsh austerity measures, which actually made things worse and led to the rise of dictators.