The type of lens that is found in a magnifying glass is a convex lens. Convex lenses are those that are thicker at the middle. In the case of the magnifying glass, this causes the lens to produce a magnified (larger) image of an object. In this type of lens, rays of light that pass through it converge. Moreover, in a magnifying glass, the image that is produced is found on the same side of the lens as the object.
I believe that Northerners tried to oppress others because there were harder conditions up there. They need more people/servants to help them with harsh winters and mild summers. They needed to make sure everything was correctly taken care of.
