During the classical era, the women's rights differed in Greek and Persian civilization such that Greek women were strictly restricted to be in the house and to just do household work or 'women' work. However, women in Persia were treated fairly and were accepted for non-household work.
Quakers participated in the early fight for human rights because the Quaker religion finds value in all of humanity. Quakerism supports the dignity of people and states that all humans have an "inner light" which comes from God. Therefore, Quakers historically have been very involved in human rights and social justice work more generally because of their faiths grounding in humanism and the value in all of humanity.
I believe it is Australopithecus afarensis
Since 1800's, industrialization has changed land use and led to the growth of large cities in many countries. During this industrial era, population and production was emphasized where the invention of railroads increase the opportunity to travel or go to other places in reduced cost. In addition, manufacturing companies has began its operation, permitting migration from rural to urban areas that develop into great cities.