The Acts. In October of 1651, the English Parliament passed its Navigation Acts of 1651. These acts were designed to tighten the government's control over trade between England, its colonies, and the rest of the world. ... England's American colonies could only export their goods in English ships.
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The Radical Republicans in Congress were angered by Johnson's actions. They refused to allow Southern representatives and senators to take their seats in Congress. In 1866, the Congress passed the Civil Rights Bill, which granted African Americans equal protection under the law with whites.
King Cyrus allowed Jewish exiles to return to his kingdom aka Jerusalem I think .
During 1960s and 1970s in administration of President Lyndon Johnson, criminal justice became an academic subject.
Criminal justice is the interdisciplinary academic study of police, criminal courts, correctional institutions (for example, prisons), and juvenile justice agencies, as well as the agents who work within these institutions. Criminal justice differs from criminal law, which defines the specific behaviors that are prohibited and punishable by law, and criminology, which is the scientific study of the nonlegal aspects of crime and delinquency, such as their causes, correction, and prevention. In the second half of the twentieth century, the field of criminal justice emerged in the United States.
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