Leif Ericsson was an explorer from Europe, to be said that he was the first European to land in North America.
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Answer:
Political borders were decided by European powers without consideration of the political and historic connections in the region.
Explanation:
After the fall of the Ottoman Empire, a power vacuum was created in South West Asia.
This power vacuum attract many empires within the region which previously have to live under the Ottoman's shadow. They wanted to rise up and took the territories that previously under the ottoman's control.
Since none of the empire was particularly stronger over the other, Ottoman's past conquests were separated into smaller chunks which controlled by different empires.
After the hostile takeover, many of the new conquerors forced the past ottoman citizens to conform to the new traditions and religion and abandon the old ones. Which is why political and historic connections in the past ottoman's region gradually forgotten over time.
It is definitely not true that many small rural communities have best transport, so we can reject the option b) and d) together with it.
The best answer is that they don't have mass transit systems (a is the correct answer). It's not true that they can walk everywhere because they can for example be forced to walk to a different town if they need a hospital.
One similarity was that religious leaders were also political leaders (to various degrees) in both entities. This meant that their power would not be as challenged by the citizens (after all, their leaders were god-sent, and opposing them could lead to God's wrath). Also, in this way, the entities could control their subjects better, because they controlled their private life too (including private ceremonies, such as marriages). <span />
I believe it is b. citizen participation should be optional
