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Experiments in which conditions are deliberately altered and all other variables are held constant are known as <u>Manipulative</u> experiments.
Manipulation checks are measured variables that reveal the concurrent effects of the manipulated variables on other variables outside the targeted dependent variable.
During studies, a process or task is altered in some way, and volunteers are assigned at random to various degrees of the manipulation. The experimenter then checks to see if changes in the controlled factors affect the dependent variable differently.
Manipulation checks focus on variables other than the important dependent variable.
The purpose of manipulations is not to confirm that the manipulated component was the source of the variance in the dependent variable. This is confirmed through random assignment, manipulation before the dependent variable is measured, and statistical assessments of the manipulated variable's impact on the dependent variable.
Consequently, a failed manipulation check does not disprove the idea that the manipulation was to blame.
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Petrarch's letter MOST LIKELY reflects the ideals of humanism.
Explanation:
Petrarch was a poet and scholar who pave the way of the Renaissance with his humanistic philosophy. He is also regarded as one of the father of contemporary Italian.
As a priest Petrarch was eligible for ecclesial posts, which promoted his belief in antiquity. He has also been able to seek lost classical texts as a diplomatic ambassador to the vatican. Petrarch gathered a good collection of such texts during his lives, which he then legacy to Venice in return for a house to shelter the pestilence.
Petrarch continued to admire the past and protest against shortcomings of his own day as he learned as much about the high middle ages. While Petrarch believed he existed "in varying and confounding winds," he hoped that civilization would again reach the heights of past achievements. His philosophy became recognized as humanism and formed a link between the Medieval period and the Renaissance.
During the election of 1800, Federalists cast Thomas Jefferson as an infidel because of his strict advocacy for the separation of Church and State. Adams ran as Jefferson's main opponent, running mates Jefferson and Aaron Burr received the same number of electoral votes.