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3 years ago

Computer architecture:

Computers and Technology

1 answer:

Alexxx [7]3 years ago

7 0

Answer:

Explanation:

a) First, we need to determine the pipeline stage amounting to the maximum time. In the given case, the maximum time required is 2ns for MEM. In addition, the pipeline register delay=0.1 ns.

Clock cycled time of the pipelined machine= max time+delay

=2ns+0.1 ns

=2.1 ns

b) For any processor, ideal CPI=1. However, since there is a stall after every four instructions, the effective CPI of the new machine is specified by:

1+(1/4)=1.25

c) The speedup of pipelined machine over the single-cycle machine=avg time per instruction of single cycle/avg time per instruction of pipelined.

Single cycle processor:

CPI=1

Clock period=7 ns

Pipelined processor:

Clock period=2.1 ns

CPI=1.25

Therefore, speedup=7*1/(2.1*1.25)=7/2.625

= 2.67

d) As the number of stages approach infinity, the speedup=k where k is the number of stages in the machine

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Answer:

The code solution is written in Java.

import java.util.Scanner;
public class TestScore {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Please enter first score: ");
double firstScore = input.nextDouble();
System.out.println("Grade: " + determineGrade(firstScore));
System.out.print("Please enter second score: ");
double secondScore = input.nextDouble();
System.out.println("Grade: " + determineGrade(secondScore));
System.out.print("Please enter third score: ");
double thirdScore = input.nextDouble();
System.out.println("Grade: " + determineGrade(thirdScore));
System.out.print("Please enter fourth score: ");
double fourthScore = input.nextDouble();
System.out.println("Grade: " + determineGrade(fourthScore));
System.out.print("Please enter fifth score: ");
double fifthScore = input.nextDouble();
System.out.println("Grade: " + determineGrade(fifthScore));
System.out.println("Average score: " + calcAverage(firstScore, secondScore, thirdScore, fourthScore, fifthScore));
}
public static double calcAverage(double score1, double score2, double score3, double score4, double score5){
double average = (score1 + score2 + score3 + score4 + score5) / 5;
return average;
}
public static String determineGrade(double score){
if(score >= 90){
return "A";
}
else if(score >= 80 ){
return "B";
}
else if(score >=70){
return "C";
}
else if(score >=60){
return "D";
}
else{
return "F";
}
}
}

Explanation:

Firstly, create the method, <em>calcAverage()</em>, that takes five test scores. Within the method, calculate the average and return it as output. (Line 33 - 36)

Next, create another method, <em>determineGrade()</em>, which takes only one score and return the grade based on the range of the score. (Line 38 -54)

Once the two required methods are created, we are ready to prompt use for input five test scores using Java Scanner class. To use get user input, create a Scanner object (Line 7). Next, use getDouble() method to get an input score and assign it to variables firstScore, secondScore, thirdScore, fourthScore & fifthScore, respectively. Once a score input by user, call determineGrade() method by passing the input score as argument and immediately print out the return grade. (Line 9 - 27)

At last, call calcAverage() method by passing the first test score variables as argument and print out the returned average value. (Line 29).

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