Answer:
<u>b. learning occurs independently of reinforcement</u>
Explanation:
Edward C. Tolman was one of the famous American psychologists who was best known for his research on 'cognitive maps', latent learning theory, cognitive behaviorism, and intervening variable.
According to Tolman, an individual has the capability of doing more than merely responding to certain stimuli, instead, he or she acts on attitudes, beliefs, strive towards specific goals, and a few changing conditions. He was considered as the only behaviorists who don't accept the "stimulus-response theory", as he believed that reinforcement wasn't required for learning.
In the question above, the correct answer is option-b.
D. Dynasty. The reason is that a dynasty can have a ruler place his son (or daughter) on the throne, keeping the legacy on.
With the routine pulled from day to day, it is natural for people to become increasingly stressed and have interpersonal coffins as a result. However, physical exercises can be great allies in combating these tensions. This is because when the person practicing physical exercises, it is releasing various substances into the bloodstream that increase the feeling of well being and pleasure. The main one is endorphins, the natural substance produced by the brain during and after exercise. Endorphin is considered a natural painkiller, reducing stress and anxiety, and relieving tensions that can provoke conflicts.
Answer:
In this milestone decision, the Supreme Court ruled that separating children in public schools on the basis of race was unconstitutional. It signaled the end of legalized racial segregation in the schools of the United States, overruling the "separate but equal" principle set forth in the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson case.
